Religion in The Gambia: A Cultural and Historical Perspective

By Fatou S Camara

Religion is a key pillar in understanding the culture, tradition, and lifestyle of the Gambian people. It shapes values, influences customs, and guides daily interactions. This report provides a historical and cultural overview of religion in The Gambia, from traditional belief systems to the dominant religions practiced today.

Religious Landscape Today (2024–2025)

The Gambia remains a predominantly Muslim country, with Islam representing 96.4% of the population. Christianity accounts for 3.5%, while a small fraction of the population still practices indigenous African religions, often blended with Islam or Christianity.

Religion Before Colonialism

Prior to the spread of foreign religions, Gambians practiced traditional African religions rooted in animism, ancestral worship, and the use of charms or amulets (jujus). These practices were deeply connected to nature, spirituality, and communal rituals, with sacred sites like Kachikally Crocodile Pool in Bakau playing a central role in worship and healing ceremonies.

The Introduction of Islam and Christianity

Islam entered The Gambia through trans-Saharan trade routes around the 11th century. By the 19th century, it had become the dominant faith, accelerated by the influence of Muslim clerics and events like the Soninke-Marabout wars.

Christianity was introduced during colonial rule, particularly through European missionaries. It gained followers mainly in urban areas and among specific ethnic groups. Despite its minority status, Christianity coexists peacefully with Islam.

Piechart representation of religions in the Gambia 

Contemporary Worship and Religious Coexistence

Modern religious life in The Gambia blends traditional and contemporary practices:
•  Marabouts serve as spiritual leaders, healers, and advisors, often crafting protective charms.
•  Sacred sites continue to be revered across all faiths.
•  Religious festivals like Eid and Christmas are celebrated nationwide, promoting interfaith harmony.

The Gambia is widely praised for its religious tolerance, where interfaith families and joint community celebrations are common.

Conclusion

Religion in The Gambia is more than a belief system—it is a living expression of the nation’s heritage, identity, and unity. From the spiritual traditions of the past to the peaceful coexistence of Islam and Christianity today, religion continues to play a vital role in shaping Gambian life and values.